Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst

This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-me...

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Main Authors: Hasanudin, N., Abd Ghani, N., Ab Rahim, A.H., Azman, N.S., Rosdi, N.A., Masri, A.N.
Format: Article
Institution: Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Record Id / ISBN-0: utp-eprints.28613 /
Published: MDPI 2022
Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125399038&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12030277&partnerID=40&md5=3c312c094816e0810e103de51975088c
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/28613/
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spelling utp-eprints.286132022-03-07T08:15:42Z Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst Hasanudin, N. Abd Ghani, N. Ab Rahim, A.H. Azman, N.S. Rosdi, N.A. Masri, A.N. This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), and dicationic IL, namely 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide (IL 2), as catalysts was compared for DT of C. vulgaris under microwave irradiation. The results revealed that IL 2 showed a better performance in catalyzing the DT reaction by producing 87.9 mg/g of FAME, while the use of IL 1 led to 74.3 mg/g of FAME under optimum conditions. The kinetic study for direct transesterification of C. vulgaris showed that the reaction followed a first order kinetic reaction where the activation energies were calculated to be 22.2499 kJ mol�1 and 22.0413 kJ mol�1 for IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. MDPI 2022 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125399038&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12030277&partnerID=40&md5=3c312c094816e0810e103de51975088c Hasanudin, N. and Abd Ghani, N. and Ab Rahim, A.H. and Azman, N.S. and Rosdi, N.A. and Masri, A.N. (2022) Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst. Catalysts, 12 (3). http://eprints.utp.edu.my/28613/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
collection UTP Institutional Repository
description This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), and dicationic IL, namely 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide (IL 2), as catalysts was compared for DT of C. vulgaris under microwave irradiation. The results revealed that IL 2 showed a better performance in catalyzing the DT reaction by producing 87.9 mg/g of FAME, while the use of IL 1 led to 74.3 mg/g of FAME under optimum conditions. The kinetic study for direct transesterification of C. vulgaris showed that the reaction followed a first order kinetic reaction where the activation energies were calculated to be 22.2499 kJ mol�1 and 22.0413 kJ mol�1 for IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
format Article
author Hasanudin, N.
Abd Ghani, N.
Ab Rahim, A.H.
Azman, N.S.
Rosdi, N.A.
Masri, A.N.
spellingShingle Hasanudin, N.
Abd Ghani, N.
Ab Rahim, A.H.
Azman, N.S.
Rosdi, N.A.
Masri, A.N.
Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
author_sort Hasanudin, N.
title Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
title_short Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
title_full Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
title_fullStr Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
title_sort optimization and kinetic studies on biodiesel conversion from chlorella vulgaris microalgae using pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids as a catalyst
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2022
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125399038&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12030277&partnerID=40&md5=3c312c094816e0810e103de51975088c
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/28613/
_version_ 1741197130152804352
score 11.62408

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