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Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties

Abstract: Large amounts of palm oil consumption in Malaysia leads to large amounts of by-products such as Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) requiring disposal. Limited treatment methods for these waste products has resulted in interest to use EFB + POME in composting when mix...

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Main Authors:	Hau, L.J., Shamsuddin, R., May, A.K.A., Saenong, A., Lazim, A.M., Narasimha, M., Low, A.
Format:	Article
Institution:	Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Record Id / ISBN-0:	utp-eprints.29892 /
Published:	Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2020
Online Access:	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082550294&doi=10.1007%2fs12649-020-00993-8&partnerID=40&md5=6387bdc4776dd55ceacab2c4c19434d3 http://eprints.utp.edu.my/29892/
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spelling	utp-eprints.298922022-03-25T03:05:31Z Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties Hau, L.J. Shamsuddin, R. May, A.K.A. Saenong, A. Lazim, A.M. Narasimha, M. Low, A. Abstract: Large amounts of palm oil consumption in Malaysia leads to large amounts of by-products such as Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) requiring disposal. Limited treatment methods for these waste products has resulted in interest to use EFB + POME in composting when mixed with different biomass sources for nutrient enhancement. This work is aimed at enhancing the final macronutrient content and physical properties of EFB:POME based fertilizers using various organic waste products as additives to achieve specific initial C/N values. Seven batches of compost were prepared, Compost A (EFB and POME in 1:1 weight ratio); B (fishmeal); C (bonemeal); D (bunch ash) and mixed compost of 1:1 EFB:POME, fishmeal, bonemeal, bunch ash and sawdust in different composition to obtain initial C/N ratios of 35 (E), 42 (F) and 47 (G). The results indicated the composts achieved maturation on day 40 based on stable pH profiles from day 40 to 52. The C/N ratio of the mixed Composts E, F and G were reduced from 35 to 16, 42 to 15 and 47 to 22 respectively. The mixed composts had a porous structure which supports aeration and a high mass yield of 88 to 90 with a maturation moisture content of 55â��70. The final C/N ratios of Compost E and F was lower than 20 which was an indication of maturation, while the C/N of Compost G was slightly above 20 (22.3). All three batches of EFB mixed composts experienced an increase in Nitrogen (+ 18 to 62), Phosphorus (+ 125 to 906) and Potassium (+ 262 to 294) which indicates that blending EFB:POME based fertilizer with various organic waste can improve the physical properties and nutrient quality. Graphic Abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext.. Â© 2020, Springer Nature B.V. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2020 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082550294&doi=10.1007%2fs12649-020-00993-8&partnerID=40&md5=6387bdc4776dd55ceacab2c4c19434d3 Hau, L.J. and Shamsuddin, R. and May, A.K.A. and Saenong, A. and Lazim, A.M. and Narasimha, M. and Low, A. (2020) Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11 (10). pp. 5539-5548. http://eprints.utp.edu.my/29892/
institution	Universiti Teknologi Petronas
collection	UTP Institutional Repository
description	Abstract: Large amounts of palm oil consumption in Malaysia leads to large amounts of by-products such as Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) requiring disposal. Limited treatment methods for these waste products has resulted in interest to use EFB + POME in composting when mixed with different biomass sources for nutrient enhancement. This work is aimed at enhancing the final macronutrient content and physical properties of EFB:POME based fertilizers using various organic waste products as additives to achieve specific initial C/N values. Seven batches of compost were prepared, Compost A (EFB and POME in 1:1 weight ratio); B (fishmeal); C (bonemeal); D (bunch ash) and mixed compost of 1:1 EFB:POME, fishmeal, bonemeal, bunch ash and sawdust in different composition to obtain initial C/N ratios of 35 (E), 42 (F) and 47 (G). The results indicated the composts achieved maturation on day 40 based on stable pH profiles from day 40 to 52. The C/N ratio of the mixed Composts E, F and G were reduced from 35 to 16, 42 to 15 and 47 to 22 respectively. The mixed composts had a porous structure which supports aeration and a high mass yield of 88 to 90 with a maturation moisture content of 55â��70. The final C/N ratios of Compost E and F was lower than 20 which was an indication of maturation, while the C/N of Compost G was slightly above 20 (22.3). All three batches of EFB mixed composts experienced an increase in Nitrogen (+ 18 to 62), Phosphorus (+ 125 to 906) and Potassium (+ 262 to 294) which indicates that blending EFB:POME based fertilizer with various organic waste can improve the physical properties and nutrient quality. Graphic Abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext.. Â© 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
format	Article
author	Hau, L.J. Shamsuddin, R. May, A.K.A. Saenong, A. Lazim, A.M. Narasimha, M. Low, A.
spellingShingle	Hau, L.J. Shamsuddin, R. May, A.K.A. Saenong, A. Lazim, A.M. Narasimha, M. Low, A. Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
author_sort	Hau, L.J.
title	Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
title_short	Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
title_full	Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
title_fullStr	Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
title_full_unstemmed	Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties
title_sort	mixed composting of palm oil empty fruit bunch (efb) and palm oil mill effluent (pome) with various organics: an analysis on final macronutrient content and physical properties
publisher	Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
publishDate	2020
url	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082550294&doi=10.1007%2fs12649-020-00993-8&partnerID=40&md5=6387bdc4776dd55ceacab2c4c19434d3 http://eprints.utp.edu.my/29892/
_version_	1741197315788505088
score	11.62408

Mixed Composting of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Various Organics: An Analysis on Final Macronutrient Content and Physical Properties

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