Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor

This paper presents the macroscopic observation of catastrophic gas hydrate growth during a shut-in, cold start-up and flowing conditions, simulating a natural gas transmission line operation. All experiments are conducted with a fixed simulated natural gas composition to form structure II gas hydra...

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Main Authors: Sundramoorthy, J.D., Hammonds, P., Sabil, K.M., Foo, K.S., Lal, B.
Format: Article
Institution: Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Record Id / ISBN-0: utp-eprints.31653 /
Published: American Chemical Society 2015
Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948699447&doi=10.1021%2facs.cgd.5b01376&partnerID=40&md5=51435635b269ae8be39e79d390f63d52
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/31653/
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spelling utp-eprints.316532022-03-26T03:24:54Z Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor Sundramoorthy, J.D. Hammonds, P. Sabil, K.M. Foo, K.S. Lal, B. This paper presents the macroscopic observation of catastrophic gas hydrate growth during a shut-in, cold start-up and flowing conditions, simulating a natural gas transmission line operation. All experiments are conducted with a fixed simulated natural gas composition to form structure II gas hydrate with 11 K subcooling in the isochoric rocking cells. In order to simulate inhibited test systems, a formulated copolymer of vinylpyrolidone and vinylcaprolactam (PVP/PVCap) is included in some of the cells studied. Detailed macroscopic images and interpretation of pressure (P) and temperature (T) data are used to present our findings. It is found that production profiles such as different shut-in time and the mechanism of mass transfer of water from the bulk water phase to gas hydrate phase influence the gas hydrate growth in distinctive ways. Moreover, the capillary force in the gas hydrate structure may provide a greater driving force to promote gas hydrate growth than the diffusion rate of gases into the bulk water phase under shut-in and cold-start up conditions. Additionally, the number of critical nuclei formed during the initial stage of gas hydrate growth may influence the type of bulk gas hydrate present in the system at a later stage, i.e., finely dispersed hydrates or a slush type of gas hydrate. © 2015 American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society 2015 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948699447&doi=10.1021%2facs.cgd.5b01376&partnerID=40&md5=51435635b269ae8be39e79d390f63d52 Sundramoorthy, J.D. and Hammonds, P. and Sabil, K.M. and Foo, K.S. and Lal, B. (2015) Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor. Crystal Growth and Design, 15 (12). pp. 5919-5929. http://eprints.utp.edu.my/31653/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
collection UTP Institutional Repository
description This paper presents the macroscopic observation of catastrophic gas hydrate growth during a shut-in, cold start-up and flowing conditions, simulating a natural gas transmission line operation. All experiments are conducted with a fixed simulated natural gas composition to form structure II gas hydrate with 11 K subcooling in the isochoric rocking cells. In order to simulate inhibited test systems, a formulated copolymer of vinylpyrolidone and vinylcaprolactam (PVP/PVCap) is included in some of the cells studied. Detailed macroscopic images and interpretation of pressure (P) and temperature (T) data are used to present our findings. It is found that production profiles such as different shut-in time and the mechanism of mass transfer of water from the bulk water phase to gas hydrate phase influence the gas hydrate growth in distinctive ways. Moreover, the capillary force in the gas hydrate structure may provide a greater driving force to promote gas hydrate growth than the diffusion rate of gases into the bulk water phase under shut-in and cold-start up conditions. Additionally, the number of critical nuclei formed during the initial stage of gas hydrate growth may influence the type of bulk gas hydrate present in the system at a later stage, i.e., finely dispersed hydrates or a slush type of gas hydrate. © 2015 American Chemical Society.
format Article
author Sundramoorthy, J.D.
Hammonds, P.
Sabil, K.M.
Foo, K.S.
Lal, B.
spellingShingle Sundramoorthy, J.D.
Hammonds, P.
Sabil, K.M.
Foo, K.S.
Lal, B.
Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
author_sort Sundramoorthy, J.D.
title Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
title_short Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
title_full Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
title_fullStr Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
title_full_unstemmed Macroscopic Observations of Catastrophic Gas Hydrate Growth during Pipeline Operating Conditions with or without a Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor
title_sort macroscopic observations of catastrophic gas hydrate growth during pipeline operating conditions with or without a kinetic hydrate inhibitor
publisher American Chemical Society
publishDate 2015
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948699447&doi=10.1021%2facs.cgd.5b01376&partnerID=40&md5=51435635b269ae8be39e79d390f63d52
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/31653/
_version_ 1741197613099646976
score 11.62408

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