Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor

Estimation of water saturation, Sw, in shaly sandstone is an intricate process. The surface conduction of clay minerals adds up to the electrolyte conduction in the pore spaces, thus generating high formation conductivity that overshadows the hydrocarbon effect. In each resistivity-based water satur...

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Main Authors: Wan Bakar, W.Z., Mohd Saaid, I., Ahmad, M.R., Amir, Z., Japperi, N.S., Ahmad Fuad, M.F.I.
Format: Article
Institution: Universiti Teknologi Petronas
Record Id / ISBN-0: utp-eprints.33130 /
Published: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2022
Online Access: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120306013&doi=10.1007%2fs13202-021-01391-z&partnerID=40&md5=0b9aa3587cce01b97876cfedcd9c6b7f
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/33130/
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spelling utp-eprints.331302022-07-06T07:56:17Z Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor Wan Bakar, W.Z. Mohd Saaid, I. Ahmad, M.R. Amir, Z. Japperi, N.S. Ahmad Fuad, M.F.I. Estimation of water saturation, Sw, in shaly sandstone is an intricate process. The surface conduction of clay minerals adds up to the electrolyte conduction in the pore spaces, thus generating high formation conductivity that overshadows the hydrocarbon effect. In each resistivity-based water saturation model, the key parameter is formation factor, F, which is typically derived from Archie�s Law. Referring to a log�log plot between formation factor and porosity, cementation factor reflects the slope of the straight line abiding Archie�s Law. In the case of shaly sandstone, derivation based on Archie�s Law in combination with Waxman�Smits equation leads to higher cementation factor, m*. In the shaly parts of the reservoir, high m* is counterbalanced by clay conductivity. Nonetheless, high m* used in clean parts increases Sw estimation. In this study, the variable cementation factor equation is introduced into the standard correlation of Sw versus Resistivity Index, RI, to develop a water saturation model with shaly sandstone parameters. Data retrieved from two fields that yielded mean arctangent absolute percentage error (MAAPE) were analysed to determine the difference between calculated and measured data within the 0.01�0.15 range for variable cementation factor method. The conventional method yielded maximum MAAPE at 0.46. © 2021, The Author(s). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2022 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120306013&doi=10.1007%2fs13202-021-01391-z&partnerID=40&md5=0b9aa3587cce01b97876cfedcd9c6b7f Wan Bakar, W.Z. and Mohd Saaid, I. and Ahmad, M.R. and Amir, Z. and Japperi, N.S. and Ahmad Fuad, M.F.I. (2022) Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 12 (5). pp. 1329-1339. http://eprints.utp.edu.my/33130/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
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description Estimation of water saturation, Sw, in shaly sandstone is an intricate process. The surface conduction of clay minerals adds up to the electrolyte conduction in the pore spaces, thus generating high formation conductivity that overshadows the hydrocarbon effect. In each resistivity-based water saturation model, the key parameter is formation factor, F, which is typically derived from Archie�s Law. Referring to a log�log plot between formation factor and porosity, cementation factor reflects the slope of the straight line abiding Archie�s Law. In the case of shaly sandstone, derivation based on Archie�s Law in combination with Waxman�Smits equation leads to higher cementation factor, m*. In the shaly parts of the reservoir, high m* is counterbalanced by clay conductivity. Nonetheless, high m* used in clean parts increases Sw estimation. In this study, the variable cementation factor equation is introduced into the standard correlation of Sw versus Resistivity Index, RI, to develop a water saturation model with shaly sandstone parameters. Data retrieved from two fields that yielded mean arctangent absolute percentage error (MAAPE) were analysed to determine the difference between calculated and measured data within the 0.01�0.15 range for variable cementation factor method. The conventional method yielded maximum MAAPE at 0.46. © 2021, The Author(s).
format Article
author Wan Bakar, W.Z.
Mohd Saaid, I.
Ahmad, M.R.
Amir, Z.
Japperi, N.S.
Ahmad Fuad, M.F.I.
spellingShingle Wan Bakar, W.Z.
Mohd Saaid, I.
Ahmad, M.R.
Amir, Z.
Japperi, N.S.
Ahmad Fuad, M.F.I.
Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
author_sort Wan Bakar, W.Z.
title Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
title_short Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
title_full Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
title_fullStr Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
title_full_unstemmed Improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
title_sort improved water saturation estimation in shaly sandstone through variable cementation factor
publisher Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
publishDate 2022
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120306013&doi=10.1007%2fs13202-021-01391-z&partnerID=40&md5=0b9aa3587cce01b97876cfedcd9c6b7f
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/33130/
_version_ 1741197807226716160
score 11.62408

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